一 創(chuàng)建爬蟲：

(資料圖片僅供參考)

cd到我們存放項(xiàng)目的文件夾 然后 scrapy startproject BQG cd：BQG 然后 scrapy genspider biquge biduo.cc

二 使用pycharm打開我們的項(xiàng)目目錄

1setting設(shè)置

這里我是將我的整個(gè)文件貼到這里.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from fake_useragent import UserAgent# Scrapy settings for BQG project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:##     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = "BQG"SPIDER_MODULES = ["BQG.spiders"]NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "BQG.spiders"LOG_LEVEL = "WARNING"# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agentUSER_AGENT = UserAgent().chrome# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docsDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {#   "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",#   "Accept-Language": "en",# }# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    "BQG.middlewares.BqgSpiderMiddleware": 543,#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    "BQG.middlewares.BqgDownloaderMiddleware": 543,#}# Enable or disable extensions# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#    "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = {   "BQG.pipelines.BqgPipeline": 300,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"

2 spider文件寫法

這里我們簡(jiǎn)單分析：

（1）parse函書獲取首頁(yè)的鏈接，在這里我們獲取小說分類的鏈接url（https://www.biduo.cc/book_1_1/），小說章節(jié)頁(yè)面的url.小說分類頁(yè)面的鏈接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/），我們繼續(xù)返回parse函數(shù)解析，獲取我們的倆種目標(biāo)鏈接.小說章節(jié)也得鏈接，我們由下一個(gè)函書解析get_novel.

（2）get_novel次函數(shù)只要獲取小說名稱，小說首頁(yè)的鏈接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/c100952.html）.（這里不獲取所有章節(jié)的鏈接，是因?yàn)閟crapy爬蟲是多線程的，如果獲取所有章節(jié)鏈接，那么返回的時(shí)候，順序不對(duì).）通過首頁(yè)的鏈接，在get_page_content函書獲取整個(gè)小說的章節(jié)內(nèi)容.

（3）get_page_content此函數(shù)獲取小說每一章節(jié)的名稱，內(nèi)容.這里獲取首頁(yè)之后，然后通過翻頁(yè)獲取下一頁(yè)小說的內(nèi)容.可以避免返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)的順序問題.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom lxml import etreeimport reclass BiqugeSpider(scrapy.Spider):    name = "biquge"    allowed_domains = ["biduo.cc"]    start_urls = ["https://www.biduo.cc/"]    def parse(self, response):        # print(response.text)        pat = r"href="/book_\d+_\d+/">"        pat = r"/book_\d+_\d+/"        tab_lists = re.findall(pat, response.text)        print("****************************")        for li in tab_lists:            yield scrapy.Request(                url="https://www.biduo.cc/"+ li,                callback=self.parse,            )        pat1 = r"/biquge/\d+_\d+\/"        t_lists = re.findall(pat1, response.text)        for li in t_lists:            # print(li)            yield scrapy.Request(                url="https://www.biduo.cc" + li,                callback=self.get_novel,            )    def get_novel(self,response):        novel_url = response.url        novel_title = response.xpath("http://div[@id="info"]/h1/text()").extract_first()        # novel_lists = response.xpath("http://div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/@href").extract()        novel_first = "https://www.biduo.cc" + response.xpath("http://div[@id="list"]/dl/dd[1]/a/@href").extract_first()        yield scrapy.Request(            url = novel_first,            callback=self.get_page_content,            meta={"novel_title":novel_title,"novel_url":novel_url}        )    def get_page_content(self,response):        item = {}        item["novel_title"] = response.meta["novel_title"]        item["novel_url"] = response.meta["novel_url"]        item["page_title"] = response.xpath("http://h1/text()").extract_first()        item["page_url"] = response.url        item["page_content"] = "".join(response.xpath("http://div[@id="content"]/text()").extract()).replace("\xa0","")        # item["page_content"] = response.xpath("http://div[@id="content"]/text()").extract()        yield item        next1 = response.xpath("http://div[@class="bottem2"]/a[3]/@href").extract_first()        # //*[@id="wrapper"]/div[4]/div/div[2]/div[1]/a[3]        print(next1)        next_url = "https://www.biduo.cc" + next1        # response.urljoin(next_url)        if next_url != item["novel_url"]:            yield scrapy.Request(                url = next_url,                callback=self.get_page_content,                meta={"novel_title":item["novel_title"],"novel_url":item["novel_url"]}            )

3pipline文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don"t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlclass BqgPipeline(object):    def start(self,item,spider):        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item["novel_title"]), "a+", encoding="utf-8")    def process_item(self, item, spider):        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item["novel_title"]), "a+", encoding="utf-8")        print(item["page_title"])        self.file.write(item["page_title"]+"\n")        self.file.write(item["page_url"]+"\n")        self.file.write(item["page_content"]+"\n")        return item    def closed(self,item,spider):        self.file.close()

4運(yùn)行效果：

5 源碼已上傳到我的資源里面.如果需要可以下載.